I have seen this one - certainly reveals a lot about what we still do not understand. Up to the 1990s a lot of attention was given to where viruses "go" between epidemics, now no one bothers to wonder.
I am reminded of this.... I listened to a Twitter space a few months ago. A doctor was relaying conversations she had had with some colleagues who were plastic surgeons. It was a bit gruesome but may be of interest to you wrt 'it's repeat injection' as described in your recent posts. It went like this.
These plastic surgeons sometimes carry out lower body surgery for various reasons a bit of tightening, or filler or remodelling. What they said was that patients were getting necrosis of said lower regions and it seemed to be linked to them having had covid injections and Botox injections close together and that the time between injections was a factor. They were recommending I think 6 weeks apart to reduce the chances of necrosis.
They didn't speculate on any mechanism for this and thankfully no pictures (!)
I don't think blood draws or IV injections count the same. There were two studies which took regular serosurveys before the vaccine era, one in Philippines (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1551183/) and one in Olmsted Co + Baltimore (doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117660.) In the first one there are no paralytic cases despite all the blood draws. In the second, there are two among family contacts of paralyzed cases in Rochester, but this is consistent with background rates of secondary attack in that county that year. So even though in hindsight the studies seem a bit reckless, they don't show any provocation effect from repeated regular blood-draws in polio-exposed individuals.
Generally sterilization of needles doesn't seem like a big problem before WWII, when demand in adults exceeds supply and so they abandon boiling in the UK (glass takes too long to cool), and instantly "serum hepatitis" becomes noticed among syphilis patients. From this it can be concluded that were sterilization deficient before, serum hepatitis would have been noticed a lot earlier. Of course, details on injection methods are often scanty in the literature since everyone is just assuming to a certain extent that everyone else knows what the normal way of the time is; but when details are mentioned, sterilization seems adequate.
My best guess is just route. IM and maybe SC are the problem. Human and animal studies are divided, with some suggesting that just vaccines (IM) cause provocation, but others more expansive. And the Solomon Is and Tahiti campaigns both seem like best demonstrations of provocation recorded and do not involve vaccines. So: route (IM)
This is all addressed to an extent in Pt 1 - etiology https://unglossed.substack.com/p/explaining-polio-pt-1#§animal-studies . So far as the scant animal testing suggests, unrelated IM injection (perhaps injury in general) results in polio virus being shuttled more efficiently to the spinal cord through branch nerves like the sciatic nerve. The why isn't so clear. But you end up with a bunch more virus delivered internally to spinal cord motor nerves thanks to this nerve-to-nerve transmission via retrograde axonal transit. Viremia is probably frequent if not constant in natural infection, does the virus maybe make a slow and partial invasion from peripheral nerves usually, perhaps; or does it usually fail to invade peripheral nerves: also, perhaps.
Like, it looks like the hypodermic needle popped into existence in 1844, and probably didn't catch on right away, and wasn't used on people until some pioneering work in the 1850s, with morphine. Plastic and disposables seem to have arrived in the 1950s, a century later.
has an example of a hypodermic syringe from 1875 that still used waxed linen in the piston for an air seal (!). That can't have been anything remotely sterile!
https://rumble.com/v35uewu-medical-anthropology-presentation-001-redux.html
Medical Anthropology Presentation - Level 100 REDUX (HIV Lab Origin)
Tangentially related:
Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-017-0042-4
I have seen this one - certainly reveals a lot about what we still do not understand. Up to the 1990s a lot of attention was given to where viruses "go" between epidemics, now no one bothers to wonder.
I came across that paper in this book: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Expired+Untold&crid=2TWLLLZUIHY15
It certainly suggests that there is at least one more mechanism other than close contact spread and that the emperor was naked.
I am reminded of this.... I listened to a Twitter space a few months ago. A doctor was relaying conversations she had had with some colleagues who were plastic surgeons. It was a bit gruesome but may be of interest to you wrt 'it's repeat injection' as described in your recent posts. It went like this.
These plastic surgeons sometimes carry out lower body surgery for various reasons a bit of tightening, or filler or remodelling. What they said was that patients were getting necrosis of said lower regions and it seemed to be linked to them having had covid injections and Botox injections close together and that the time between injections was a factor. They were recommending I think 6 weeks apart to reduce the chances of necrosis.
They didn't speculate on any mechanism for this and thankfully no pictures (!)
Very interesting!
Infection by injection
I don't think blood draws or IV injections count the same. There were two studies which took regular serosurveys before the vaccine era, one in Philippines (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1551183/) and one in Olmsted Co + Baltimore (doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117660.) In the first one there are no paralytic cases despite all the blood draws. In the second, there are two among family contacts of paralyzed cases in Rochester, but this is consistent with background rates of secondary attack in that county that year. So even though in hindsight the studies seem a bit reckless, they don't show any provocation effect from repeated regular blood-draws in polio-exposed individuals.
Generally sterilization of needles doesn't seem like a big problem before WWII, when demand in adults exceeds supply and so they abandon boiling in the UK (glass takes too long to cool), and instantly "serum hepatitis" becomes noticed among syphilis patients. From this it can be concluded that were sterilization deficient before, serum hepatitis would have been noticed a lot earlier. Of course, details on injection methods are often scanty in the literature since everyone is just assuming to a certain extent that everyone else knows what the normal way of the time is; but when details are mentioned, sterilization seems adequate.
My best guess is just route. IM and maybe SC are the problem. Human and animal studies are divided, with some suggesting that just vaccines (IM) cause provocation, but others more expansive. And the Solomon Is and Tahiti campaigns both seem like best demonstrations of provocation recorded and do not involve vaccines. So: route (IM)
This is all addressed to an extent in Pt 1 - etiology https://unglossed.substack.com/p/explaining-polio-pt-1#§animal-studies . So far as the scant animal testing suggests, unrelated IM injection (perhaps injury in general) results in polio virus being shuttled more efficiently to the spinal cord through branch nerves like the sciatic nerve. The why isn't so clear. But you end up with a bunch more virus delivered internally to spinal cord motor nerves thanks to this nerve-to-nerve transmission via retrograde axonal transit. Viremia is probably frequent if not constant in natural infection, does the virus maybe make a slow and partial invasion from peripheral nerves usually, perhaps; or does it usually fail to invade peripheral nerves: also, perhaps.
Like, it looks like the hypodermic needle popped into existence in 1844, and probably didn't catch on right away, and wasn't used on people until some pioneering work in the 1850s, with morphine. Plastic and disposables seem to have arrived in the 1950s, a century later.
This article:
https://medicine.uq.edu.au/blog/2018/12/history-syringes-and-needles
has an example of a hypodermic syringe from 1875 that still used waxed linen in the piston for an air seal (!). That can't have been anything remotely sterile!